Classes and objects In Python
Class and Object Object-oriented Programming (OOP) is a basic fundamental programming concept in C++, Java. OOP concept is also applied in Python programming along with Java programming. Classes in Python programming allow you to develop your program code in classes and subclasses. Which frames any entities or abstract program concept in real time world.
So let’s understand the class and object oriented programming concept in Python programming.
Python Class.
A class in Python programming is a prototype or fixed fromat concept to create a program object. Here while defining a class it defines some class declaration specification (class data) and class methods (functions) class function, which explain the features of the object of the existing class at that time.
Class Declaration Method in Python Programming.
class course: # declare course class
def __init__(select, c_name, duration, fee): # course class parameter define
select.c_name = c_name
select.c_duration = duration
select.c_fee = fee
def course_info(select):
print(f”{select.c_name} {select.duration} {select.fee}”) # printe individual class argument
Class Attributes – Class attributes are class variables that store and display data related to the current class and its defined objects (class variables c_name, duration, fee).
Class Methods – Class methods are class functions defined within a class that display existing class attributes, and perform specific programming tasks (here course_info is class method in course_info).
Class Object.
Object is an example of an element declared in a class. It is a unit based on the prototype defined by the existing class. You can create multiple class objects (instances) in a single class as per the class requirement, each of which will have its own individual data info.
# let Creating course class objects element
course1 = course(‘python’, ‘2’, 999)
course2 = course(‘java’, ‘3’, 1199)
# let access the course class obecjt
print(course1.c_name, course1.duration)
print(course2.fee)
# let Call Course class object methods
course1.course_info() # result is – python 2 999
course2.course_info() # result is – java 3 1199
Class Instantiation – The process of creating an object from the Course class is called the instantiation process. It is course1 = course(…) and course2 = course(…)) in this example.
Accessing class attributes and methods – Use dot notation (object.attribute or object.method()) to access attributes of a class object and call class methods.
Constructor (__init__ method) Class methods.
The __init__ method is a special class method in Python classes. It is called automatically when a class object is instantiated. The init method is used to initialize (set up) the primary condition of a class object.
class course: # declare course class
def __init__(select, c_name, duration, fee): # course class parameter define
select.c_name = c_name
select.c_duration = duration
select.c_fee = fee
Here in the course class example, __init__ initializes each object (instance) of course class with specific attributes (c_name, duration, fee) (select.c_name = c_name, select.c_duration = duration, select.c_fee = fee).
Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism Concept in Python Programming,
Object-oriented programming is a basic fundamental class usage features.
Python Encapsulation – Python Program Encapsulation Features Grouping class data (attributes) and class methods that operate on that data into a single unit (class), and securing this class with external interface.
Python abstraction – Python class abstraction is to hide complex class execution information and expose the important parts of a class object.
Python inheritance – The ability to inherit properties of a parent class, attributes and methods from another subclass, promote class code reuse and code inheritance relationship through class inheritance method.
Python polymorphism – The ability to use a single interface (method names) to perform different tasks in a class, allowing objects of different classes to be used with objects of a common Python superclass (parent and child classes).
Advantages of Python programming class and object.
Program modularity – Classes in Python programs enable modular programming, allowing you to divide complex programming problems into smaller, smaller program code modular parts.
Code reuse features – Python source code reuse features provide features to reuse class object and inheritance code within a class, reduce multiple program source code repetition modular concept, and improve program efficiency.
Program flexibility and extensibility – OOP concept supports easy modification and extension of existing program code by adding a new class to your existing class and modifying the class.
